Identification of Potential Key Genes Linked to Gender Differences in Bladder Cancer Based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database.

Background: Growing evidence strongly indicates pivotal roles of gender differences in the occurrence and survival rate of patients with bladder cancer, with a higher incidence in males and poorer prognosis in females. Nevertheless, the molecular basis underlying gender-specific differences in bladder cancer remains unknown. The current study has tried to detect key genes contributing to gender differences in bladder cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The gene expression profile of GSE13507 was firstly obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Further, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between males and females using R software. Protein-protein interactive (PPI) network analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were also performed. Results: We detected six hub genes contributing to gender differences in bladder cancer patients, containing IGF2, CCL5, ASPM, CDC20, BUB1B, and CCNB1. Our analyses demonstrated that CCNB1 and BUB1B were upregulated in tumor tissues of female subjects with bladder cancer. Other genes, such as IGF2 and CCL5, were associated with a poor outcome in male patients with bladder cancer. Additionally, three signaling pathways (focal adhesion, rheumatoid arthritis, and human T-cell leukemia virus infection) were identified to be differentially downregulated in bladder cancer versus normal samples in both genders. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that gender differences may modulate the expression of key genes that contributed to bladder cancer occurrence and prognosis.

Evaluation of IGF2, KRT14, and KRT20 as Urinary Biomarkers in Patients with Bladder Cancer.

Background: Many researchers have tried to identify bladder cancer biomarkers to reduce the need for cystoscopy. The aim of this study was to identify and measure appropriate transcripts in patient urine to develop a non-invasive screening test. Methods: From February 2020 to May 2022, 49 samples were obtained from Velayat Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Twenty-two samples were obtained from bladder cancer patients and 27 from bladder cancer-free subjects. RNA was extracted from participant samples, quantitative RT-PCR was performed, and TNP plots were used to assess IGF2 (NCBI Gene ID: 3481), KRT14 (NCBI Gene ID: 3861) and KRT20 (NCBI Gene ID: 54474) expression. For UCSC Xena analysis, Dataset ID: TCGA-BLCA was used to compare transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and normal samples for survival rates. Results: IGF and KRT14 were more greatly expressed in patient urine samples than in those of the normal group. However, KRT20 expression did not significantly differ between the two groups. IGF2 had 45.45 and 88.89% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, for detecting TCC in urine samples while KRT14 had 59 and 88.89% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Also, these results infer that overexpression of IGF would be prognosticators of poor TCC outcomes. Conclusion: Our study showed that IGF2 and KRT14 are overexpressed in bladder cancer patient urine, and IGF2 could be a potential biomarker for poor prognoses in TCC.

Red Blood Cells are Appropriate Carrier for Coagulation Factor VIII.

AIMS: Factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy remains a primary treatment for hemophilia A, however, the development of FVIII antibodies (inhibitors) and short half-life of the FVIII products are the major complications. Erythrocytes may prevent rapid removal of drugs from plasma. Erythrocytes are biocompatible and non-immunogenic drug delivery. In this study, in vitro activity of FVIII encapsulated by human erythrocytes was investigated. METHODS: FVIII was loaded into erythrocytes using the hypo-osmotic dialysis technique. FVIII activity assay has been analyzed using Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT). Presence of FVIII on erythrocytes was detected by western blotting and flowcytometry using specific monoclonal antibody (abcam, U.K) against FVIII. Moreover, the osmotic fragility and hematologic parameters of FVIII-loaded carrier erythrocytes were measured. RESULTS: Our results indicated that FVIII could not cross the membrane, where plenty of FVIII was found on the surface of the carrier erythrocyte. Flow cytometery results showed that 11% of the loaded carrier erythrocytes was positive for FVIII protein on their surface. The greatest activation of FVIII in both groups including lysate and non-lysate FVIII-loaded RBCs was observed on the first day, and the coagulant activity of this factor was gradually reduced on days 3 and 5. In 1:50 dilution of both groups, significant differences in FVIII activity were observed in 1:50 dilution of both groups, especially on the 5th day. CONCLUSION: This study aims to introduce erythrocytes as appropriate carriers for FVIII to prolong the dosing intervals in the effective and safe levels for a relatively longer time.

Mandibular Mass as an Only Presentation of Metatatic Renal Cell Carcinoma For Four Years: A Case Report.

Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common tumors of the urinary tract. This tumor may appear as Para neoplasticsyndromes or distant metastasis. Metastases in uncommon areas are one of the characteristics of renal tumors.One of the uncommon metastatic renal masses areas is the mandible. In different studies, patient survival aftermetastasis diagnosis is usually one year or less. In this study we introduce a patient with mass of the right mandiblewhich existed four years before his referral, and in examinations it was diagnosed as metastasis with renal origin.

Establishment and characterization of Caspian horse fibroblast cell bank in Iran.

Caspian horse, a rare horse breed found in 1965 by Louise Firouz in northern Iran, is a small horse which is reported to be in danger of extinction in its original homeland. There seems to be a great need to prevent extinction of this valuable horse. In this study, 51 fibroblast cell lines from Caspian horse ear marginal tissue were successfully established by sampling 60 horses using primary explant technique. Cells were authenticated and growth curve was plotted. According to results obtained, population doubling time (PDT) was calculated 23 ± 0.5 h for all cell lines. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) revealed that cell lines had no cross-contamination with other species. Bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma contamination were checked using standard methods such as PCR, direct culture, and Hoechst staining. In addition to providing a valuable source for genomic, postgenomic, and somatic cloning researches, the established cell lines would preserve Caspian horse genetic resources. It will also create an accessible database for researchers.